Karnala

**Fort History Snapshot:** Ancient cisterns date the fort back to the 12th century. It was controlled by Nizamshahi (till 15th C) before Shivaji's army captured it. Later rulers included the Moguls, Angres, and Peshwas. Colonel Prother (British) took it in 1818. **Local Culture:** The fort is home to the Adivasi people, known for their preserved tradition and striking "Warli" paintings.

Fort Highlights & Bird Sanctuary **Main Ascent:** Start past Karmaidevi temple, through the main entrance (North side entry). **The Pinnacle:** * Right leads to the base, caves, and southern Machi. * Beware: North face has beehives (Keep silent\!). * South face is clear for rock climbers.**Points of Interest:** * **Water:** Only one cistern (left side, near steep remnants) has drinking water; others are non-potable. * **Ruins:** Remnants of old dwellings (left side) and old constructions (near southern bastion). * **Bastion Entrance:** Look for “SHARABH” (legendary animal) carvings. * **Western Face:** Difficult way, some caves present.**Views from the Top:** Panoramic network of forts visible: Prabalgad, Irshaalgad, Dhaak, Rajmachi. Also see Mumbai and Elephanta islands to the West. **Bird Sanctuary:** * Covers 4 km near the fort. * Home to 150+ species, including Malabar Whistling Thrush, Paradise flycatcher, Shaheen Falcon, kites, owls, bulbuls, Maina, Ayora. * Animals: Porcupines, rabbits, monkeys. * **Visitor Tips:** Birdwatchers roam in small groups. Do not make noise near beehives. Strict rules: No fire, no injury to wildlife. * **Stay:** Good resorts now available for tourists.